Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation

Article Title: Expression of full-length dystrophin reverses muscular dystrophy defects in young and old mdx 4cv mice

doi: 10.1172/JCI189075

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) TA muscle–specific force development measured in situ following sciatic nerve stimulation. n = 6–7 mice per group. ( B ) Muscle force drop measured following a mechanical injury induced by 20% stretching beyond the optimal L0. n = 6–7 mice per group. ( C ) Specific force development measured in vitro using diaphragm strips from mdx 4cv mice treated with saline or triple AAVMYO1 or from age-matched WT mice. n = 5–7 mice per group. Data represent the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05 and *** P < 0.001 versus WT; $ P < 0.05, $$ P < 0.01, and $$$ P < 0.001 versus the saline-treated group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: TA muscle–specific force and susceptibility to contraction-induced injury were determined in situ after sciatic nerve stimulation (Aurora Scientific, model 701C), and the diaphragm maximal force was measured in vitro on longitudinal and intact muscle strips freshly isolated from young or old mice using a temperature-controlled in vitro horizontal bath (Aurora Scientific, model 809A) filled with carbogen-bubbling Tyrode’s solution.

Techniques: In Situ, In Vitro, Saline

Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation

Article Title: Expression of full-length dystrophin reverses muscular dystrophy defects in young and old mdx 4cv mice

doi: 10.1172/JCI189075

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Diaphragm specific force recorded in vitro using isolated muscle trips. n = 5–6 mice per group. ( B ) Maximal specific force developed by TA muscles at L0 following sciatic nerve stimulation. n = 5–7 mice per group. ( C ) Muscle force measured after eccentric contraction injury induced by 15% lengthening beyond L0. n = 5–7 mice per group. Data represent the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001, by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data represent the mean ± SEM. ( D ) Western blots showing full-length dystrophin expression in TA muscle lysates collected from WT mice and old mdx 4cv mice treated with saline- or triple AAV, but lower levels were detected in diaphragm samples of the same animals.

Article Snippet: TA muscle–specific force and susceptibility to contraction-induced injury were determined in situ after sciatic nerve stimulation (Aurora Scientific, model 701C), and the diaphragm maximal force was measured in vitro on longitudinal and intact muscle strips freshly isolated from young or old mice using a temperature-controlled in vitro horizontal bath (Aurora Scientific, model 809A) filled with carbogen-bubbling Tyrode’s solution.

Techniques: In Vitro, Isolation, Muscles, Western Blot, Expressing, Saline

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Distinct activation thresholds of unmyelinated C-fiber afferents by dorsal root ganglion and peripheral nerve stimulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.02.703367

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagrams illustrating (A) single-fiber recordings from split sciatic nerve filaments used to determine ePNS activation thresholds; (B) GCaMP6f imaging of DRG somata used to assess DRG stimulation thresholds; and (C) the corresponding NEURON simulation model of an unmyelinated C-fiber afferent.

Article Snippet: To electrically stimulate the DRG, we used a blunt-tipped needle electrode (FHC, platinum-iridium, tip size ∼Φ5 μm) placed in contact with but not penetrating the dura mater of the DRG to deliver constant current stimulation (701C stimulating module, Aurora Scientific Inc., Canada).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Distinct activation thresholds of unmyelinated C-fiber afferents by dorsal root ganglion and peripheral nerve stimulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.02.703367

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential activation of afferent populations by ePNS and DRG stimulation. (A) Representative single-fiber recordings from one split sciatic nerve filament showing lower stimulus threshold for activating Aδ-fibers (14 ms conduction delay) than for activating C-fibers (58 ms conduction delay). Arrow: stimulus artifact. (B) Representative GCaMP6f image recordings demonstrating activation thresholds of neurons with different diameters. White arrow: stimulating electrode; Red dashed circle: a small-diameter neuron (Φ17 μm) with 0.3 mA threshold, green dashed circles: two large-diameter neurons (Φ34 μm, Φ28 μm) with 0.45 mA threshold. (C) Normalized activation thresholds of peripheral axons with different conduction velocities by ePNS, measured by single-fiber recording. (D) Activation thresholds of afferents with different soma diameters by DRG stimulation, measured by GCaMP6f imaging.

Article Snippet: To electrically stimulate the DRG, we used a blunt-tipped needle electrode (FHC, platinum-iridium, tip size ∼Φ5 μm) placed in contact with but not penetrating the dura mater of the DRG to deliver constant current stimulation (701C stimulating module, Aurora Scientific Inc., Canada).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Distinct activation thresholds of unmyelinated C-fiber afferents by dorsal root ganglion and peripheral nerve stimulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.02.703367

Figure Lengend Snippet: NEURON simulation of ePNS and DRG stimulation of a C-fiber afferent. (A) Action potentials evoked by DRG stimulation initiates close to the soma and propagates bi-directionally to both peripheral and central axons. (B) Action potentials evoked by ePNS of the peripheral axon propagates to soma and central axon. (C) The clustering of NaV1.6 in the stem axon strongly decreased the threshold of DRG stimulation to evoke APs. In contrast, comparable increases in NaV1.8 conductance within the clustering zone had no effect on the threshold, whereas increases in NaV1.7 conductance produced only a modest reduction. (D) Spatial plot along the soma and stem axon to reveal the site of spike initiation at the NaV1.6 clustering zone. Five spatial membrane voltage traces have 0.05 msec intervals (from 1 to 5).

Article Snippet: To electrically stimulate the DRG, we used a blunt-tipped needle electrode (FHC, platinum-iridium, tip size ∼Φ5 μm) placed in contact with but not penetrating the dura mater of the DRG to deliver constant current stimulation (701C stimulating module, Aurora Scientific Inc., Canada).

Techniques: Produced, Membrane